Creating an inviting outdoor living space doesn’t always require a sprawling backyard or a hefty budget. A well-designed deck, even a small one, can transform your outdoor area into a relaxing retreat. One of the best ways to maximize space and add a touch of elegance is by incorporating built-in seating. DIY deck benches not only offer comfortable seating but also add structural appeal and can be customized to fit your specific needs and aesthetic preferences. This guide will walk you through the process of designing and building your own deck with built-in seats, providing practical advice, examples, and actionable tips along the way.
Planning Your Deck with Built-In Seating
Before you start hammering away, careful planning is essential. Consider the size and shape of your deck, the available space, and how you intend to use the area. Proper planning ensures a functional and aesthetically pleasing outcome. This section covers key aspects of the planning phase, including design considerations, material selection, and obtaining necessary permits.
Design Considerations
Think about the overall layout of your deck and how the built-in seating will integrate into the design. Ask yourself the following questions:
- How much seating do you need? Consider the typical number of people you want to accommodate.
- What style of seating do you prefer? Do you want backrests, armrests, or a simple bench?
- What is the primary purpose of the deck? Is it for dining, lounging, or entertaining?
- What is the overall aesthetic you want to achieve? Do you prefer a modern, rustic, or traditional look?
For example, a small square deck might benefit from benches along two sides to maximize seating without obstructing traffic flow. A larger deck could accommodate a U-shaped seating arrangement to create a cozy conversation area. Remember to account for access points, pathways, and any existing features like trees or landscaping.
Material Selection
Choosing the right materials is crucial for the longevity and appearance of your deck and benches. Common decking materials include:
- Treated Lumber: Affordable and readily available, but requires regular maintenance to prevent rot and insect damage.
- Cedar: Naturally resistant to rot and insects, offering a beautiful, warm tone. It's more expensive than treated lumber but requires less maintenance.
- Redwood: Similar to cedar in terms of durability and appearance, but can be even more expensive.
- Composite Decking: Made from recycled plastic and wood fibers, offering excellent durability and low maintenance. It's more expensive upfront but can save money in the long run.
For the built-in seating, consider using the same material as the deck for a cohesive look. If you're using treated lumber, ensure it's rated for ground contact if the benches will be close to the ground. Also, consider the hardware you'll be using; stainless steel or coated screws and bolts are essential to prevent rust and corrosion.
Actionable Tip: Before making a final decision, obtain samples of different materials and see how they look and feel in your outdoor space. This will help you choose the best option for your aesthetic and budget.
For example, according to the University of Minnesota Extension, pressure-treated lumber is a cost-effective option, but requires regular sealing to prevent water damage. Composite decking, while more expensive, offers superior durability and requires minimal maintenance. (University of Minnesota Extension, n.d.)
Permits and Regulations
Before starting any construction, check with your local building department to determine if you need a permit. Many municipalities require permits for decks, especially if they are above a certain height or attached to the house. Failing to obtain a permit can result in fines or even the need to dismantle your deck.
In addition to permits, be aware of any local regulations or homeowner association rules that may apply. These may dictate setbacks, height restrictions, or material choices. Understanding and complying with these regulations will prevent headaches down the road.
Actionable Tip: Contact your local building department early in the planning process to understand the permit requirements and any applicable regulations. This will give you plenty of time to prepare and avoid delays.
Designing Your Built-In Seating
The design of your built-in seating should complement the overall style of your deck and provide comfortable and functional seating. Consider the height, depth, and angle of the benches, as well as any additional features like backrests or storage.
Bench Height and Depth
The standard height for a bench seat is typically between 16 and 20 inches. This allows most people to sit comfortably with their feet flat on the ground. The depth of the seat should be at least 15 inches to provide adequate support. For deeper seats, consider adding cushions or pillows for extra comfort.
If you plan to use the benches primarily for dining, consider a height closer to 18 inches to match the height of a typical dining chair. If you want a more relaxed lounging area, a lower height of around 16 inches may be more suitable.
Practical Example: For a deck designed for both dining and lounging, a bench height of 17 inches and a depth of 16 inches would provide a good compromise.
Backrests and Armrests
Adding a backrest can significantly improve the comfort of your built-in seating. A slight angle of around 10 to 15 degrees provides good lumbar support. The height of the backrest should be at least 18 inches to support the lower back.
Armrests can add a touch of elegance and provide additional support. They should be placed at a comfortable height, typically around 9 to 12 inches above the seat. Consider the width of the armrests and ensure they don't obstruct access to the seating area.
Practical Example: A simple backrest can be constructed using 2x4 lumber attached to vertical supports. For added comfort, consider using wider boards for the backrest and rounding the edges to prevent sharp corners.
Storage Solutions
Built-in seating can also provide valuable storage space. By incorporating hinged seats or drawers, you can store cushions, gardening tools, or other outdoor essentials. This is especially useful for smaller decks where space is limited.
When designing storage benches, ensure there is adequate ventilation to prevent moisture buildup. Use weather-resistant hinges and latches to protect the contents from the elements. Consider adding a waterproof liner to the storage compartment for added protection.
Actionable Tip: Plan the storage space carefully to maximize its usefulness. Consider the size and shape of the items you want to store and design the storage compartment accordingly.
According to a report by the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB), homeowners are increasingly seeking outdoor living spaces that offer both comfort and functionality. Built-in seating with storage is a popular trend that addresses both needs. (National Association of Home Builders, n.d.)
Building Your Deck Frame
The deck frame is the foundation of your entire structure, so it's crucial to build it strong and square. This section will guide you through the process of constructing a sturdy and reliable deck frame.
Laying the Foundation
Start by marking out the perimeter of your deck. Use stakes and string to create a clear outline. Ensure the corners are square by using the 3-4-5 rule: measure 3 feet along one side, 4 feet along the adjacent side, and the diagonal should measure 5 feet. Adjust the corners until they are perfectly square.
Dig holes for the support posts, ensuring they are below the frost line in your area. The depth of the frost line varies depending on your location, so check with your local building department for the specific requirements.
Actionable Tip: Use concrete to set the support posts in the ground. This will provide a stable and long-lasting foundation for your deck.
Constructing the Frame
Attach the support posts to the concrete footings. Use pressure-treated lumber for the posts and ensure they are plumb. Next, install the beams, which will span between the posts and support the joists.
The joists are the horizontal framing members that run perpendicular to the beams. Space the joists according to the decking material you're using. Typically, joists are spaced 16 inches apart for wood decking and 12 inches apart for composite decking.
Practical Example: For a deck with a simple rectangular frame, use 4x4 posts, 2x8 beams, and 2x6 joists. Ensure all lumber is pressure-treated and securely fastened with galvanized screws.
Adding Blocking
Blocking is short pieces of lumber installed between the joists to provide additional support and prevent twisting. Install blocking every 4 to 8 feet, depending on the span of the joists. This will significantly improve the strength and stability of your deck frame.
Actionable Tip: Use construction adhesive in addition to screws when installing blocking. This will create a stronger and more durable connection.
Building the Built-In Seating Frame
Once the deck frame is complete, you can start building the frame for the built-in seating. This involves creating a sturdy and level platform that will support the seat boards.
Attaching the Frame to the Deck
The seating frame should be securely attached to the deck frame. Use lag screws or bolts to connect the frame to the posts and beams. Ensure the frame is level and square before fastening it in place.
Practical Example: If you're building a bench along the perimeter of the deck, attach the frame to the existing deck posts. For a freestanding bench, create additional support posts and footings.
Creating the Seat Frame
The seat frame consists of horizontal supports that will hold the seat boards. Use pressure-treated lumber for the frame and space the supports according to the thickness of the seat boards. Typically, supports are spaced 12 to 16 inches apart.
Consider adding additional supports for longer benches to prevent sagging. Use blocking between the supports to provide additional stability.
Actionable Tip: Use a level to ensure the seat frame is perfectly horizontal. This will create a comfortable and even seating surface.
Adding Backrest Supports
If you're adding a backrest, install vertical supports to the seat frame. These supports should be angled slightly to provide comfortable lumbar support. Use 2x4 lumber for the supports and attach them securely to the seat frame.
Consider adding a horizontal rail to the backrest supports for added stability. This rail will also provide a comfortable place to rest your back.
Practical Example: For a simple backrest, use 2x4 supports spaced 24 inches apart. Attach a horizontal rail to the supports using screws and construction adhesive.
Installing the Decking and Seating Boards
With the frames in place, it's time to install the decking and seating boards. This is where your deck starts to take shape and transform into a beautiful outdoor living space.
Installing the Decking
Start by laying the first row of decking boards along the perimeter of the deck. Use spacers to ensure consistent spacing between the boards. Fasten the boards to the joists using screws or hidden fasteners.
Work your way across the deck, installing the remaining decking boards. Stagger the seams for a more aesthetically pleasing look. Cut the boards to length as needed and ensure they are flush with the edges of the deck frame.
Actionable Tip: Use a chalk line to mark a straight line before cutting the decking boards. This will ensure a clean and professional finish.
Installing the Seating Boards
Install the seating boards on the seat frame, using the same material as the decking. Space the boards slightly to allow for drainage and expansion. Fasten the boards to the frame using screws or hidden fasteners.
Consider using wider boards for the seating surface to provide a more comfortable seating area. Round the edges of the boards to prevent sharp corners and splinters.
Practical Example: For a clean and modern look, use composite decking boards for the seating surface. Use hidden fasteners to create a seamless and professional finish.
Finishing Touches
Once the decking and seating boards are installed, add any finishing touches to complete your deck. This may include:
- Sanding: Smooth out any rough edges or splinters on the decking and seating boards.
- Staining or Sealing: Protect the wood from the elements and enhance its natural beauty.
- Adding Cushions and Pillows: Create a comfortable and inviting seating area.
- Installing Lighting: Add ambiance and extend the usability of your deck into the evening.
Actionable Tip: Choose a stain or sealant that is specifically designed for outdoor use. This will provide the best protection against the elements and ensure a long-lasting finish.
According to a study by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), outdoor lighting is a key element in creating a successful outdoor living space. Consider adding string lights, recessed lighting, or pathway lighting to enhance the ambiance of your deck. (American Society of Landscape Architects, n.d.)
Maintaining Your Deck and Built-In Seating
Proper maintenance is essential to keep your deck and built-in seating looking their best and lasting for years to come. This section provides tips on how to clean, protect, and repair your deck and seating.
Cleaning
Regular cleaning is essential to remove dirt, debris, and mildew from your deck and seating. Use a broom or leaf blower to sweep away loose debris. For tougher stains, use a deck cleaner and scrub brush.
Avoid using a pressure washer on wood decks, as this can damage the wood fibers. If you do use a pressure washer, use a low-pressure setting and keep the nozzle at least 12 inches away from the surface.
Actionable Tip: Clean your deck and seating at least twice a year, in the spring and fall. This will prevent dirt and debris from building up and causing damage.
Protecting
Protect your deck and seating from the elements by applying a stain or sealant every one to two years. This will prevent water damage, fading, and cracking. Choose a stain or sealant that is specifically designed for outdoor use and follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully.
Consider using a deck umbrella or awning to provide shade and protect your deck from the sun's harmful UV rays. This will help prevent fading and cracking.
Practical Example: Apply a water-repellent sealant to your deck and seating every year to prevent water damage. This will help extend the life of your deck and keep it looking its best.
Repairing
Inspect your deck and seating regularly for signs of damage, such as cracks, splinters, or rot. Repair any damage promptly to prevent it from worsening. Replace any damaged boards or supports as needed.
Tighten any loose screws or bolts. This will help prevent the deck and seating from becoming unstable.
Actionable Tip: Keep a supply of extra decking and seating boards on hand for repairs. This will make it easier to replace damaged boards quickly and efficiently.
Conclusion
Building your own deck with built-in seating is a rewarding project that can transform your outdoor living space. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can create a beautiful, functional, and long-lasting deck that you and your family will enjoy for years to come. Remember to plan carefully, choose the right materials, and build a strong and sturdy frame. With a little effort and creativity, you can create a deck that perfectly suits your needs and aesthetic preferences. Take the plunge and start planning your DIY deck with built-in seats today. The possibilities are endless, and the satisfaction of creating something beautiful and functional is truly unmatched.
Next Steps:
- Measure your space and create a detailed design plan.
- Obtain necessary permits and approvals from your local building department.
- Gather your materials and tools.
- Start building your deck frame and built-in seating frame.
- Install the decking and seating boards.
- Add finishing touches and enjoy your new outdoor living space.
References
- American Society of Landscape Architects. (n.d.). https://www.asla.org/
- National Association of Home Builders. (n.d.). https://www.nahb.org/
- University of Minnesota Extension. (n.d.). https://extension.umn.edu/