A clogged drain is a homeowner's unwelcome guest. The slow draining sink, the gurgling toilet, the standing water in the shower – these are all signs that something is amiss in your plumbing. While calling a professional plumber is always an option, many drain clogs can be tackled with a simple and effective tool: the drain snake. This guide will walk you through the process of using a drain snake to clear common clogs, saving you time and money. This comprehensive guide will cover everything you need to know, from choosing the right snake to mastering the technique.
Understanding Drain Snakes
A drain snake, also known as a plumber's snake, is a flexible tool designed to dislodge or break up clogs in drains. It consists of a long, flexible metal cable with a corkscrew or auger-shaped end. The snake is inserted into the drain, and the rotating action of the cable helps to break up or retrieve the blockage.
Types of Drain Snakes
There are several types of drain snakes available, each suited for different types of clogs and drain sizes:
- Toilet Auger (Closet Auger): Specifically designed for toilets, these snakes have a protective sleeve to prevent scratching the porcelain. They are typically shorter and more rigid than other types of drain snakes.
- Sink Snake (Small Drain Auger): These are smaller, more flexible snakes designed for sinks, tubs, and showers. They are typically hand-operated.
- Drum Auger: These snakes house the cable in a drum for easier storage and use. They are often longer and more robust than sink snakes, suitable for tackling tougher clogs.
- Electric Drain Snake (Power Auger): These snakes are powered by an electric motor, providing more torque and reach for clearing stubborn clogs in main drain lines. These require experience and caution when using.
For most household clogs, a simple sink snake or drum auger will suffice. Toilet augers are essential for toilet clogs. Electric drain snakes are best left to professionals or experienced DIYers due to their power and potential for damage if used incorrectly.
Choosing the Right Drain Snake for the Job
Selecting the appropriate drain snake is crucial for effective clog removal. Consider the location and severity of the clog when making your decision.
- Sink, Tub, and Shower Drains: A sink snake or small drum auger is usually sufficient for these drains. Look for a snake with a flexible cable and a sturdy handle.
- Toilet Drains: A toilet auger is specifically designed for toilets and will prevent damage to the porcelain bowl.
- Main Drain Line: For clogs in the main drain line, a larger drum auger or an electric drain snake may be necessary. However, proceed with caution when using an electric snake, as it can damage pipes if not used properly. When in doubt, call a professional.
Tip: When purchasing a drain snake, consider the length of the cable. A longer cable will allow you to reach clogs that are further down the drainpipe.
Safety First: Preparing to Use a Drain Snake
Before you start snaking a drain, it's important to take some safety precautions:
- Wear Gloves: Protect your hands from bacteria and debris by wearing rubber or disposable gloves.
- Wear Eye Protection: Splashes can occur while snaking a drain, so wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes.
- Protect the Surrounding Area: Place old towels or cloths around the drain opening to catch any spills or debris.
- Read the Instructions: If you're using a drum auger or electric drain snake, carefully read the manufacturer's instructions before use.
Caution: Never use a drain snake if you have recently used chemical drain cleaners. The chemicals can splash back and cause burns or irritation.
Step-by-Step Guide to Snaking a Drain
Follow these steps to effectively snake a drain and clear the clog:
Step 1: Access the Drain
Remove the drain stopper or strainer. For sinks and tubs, you may need to use a screwdriver or pliers to remove the stopper mechanism. For toilets, simply insert the toilet auger into the bowl.
Step 2: Insert the Drain Snake
Carefully insert the end of the drain snake into the drain opening. Feed the cable into the drainpipe, pushing gently as you go. If you encounter resistance, try rotating the cable to help it navigate bends in the pipe.
Step 3: Breaking Up or Retrieving the Clog
Once you encounter the clog, rotate the handle of the drain snake to engage the auger. Continue rotating and pushing the cable to break up the clog or snag it for retrieval. You may need to work the snake back and forth to fully clear the blockage.
Tip: If you're using a drum auger, lock the cable in place while rotating the handle to provide more torque.
Step 4: Remove the Drain Snake
Once you've cleared the clog, slowly retract the drain snake from the drainpipe. As you remove the snake, clean off any debris or buildup from the cable. Dispose of the debris properly.
Step 5: Flush the Drain
After removing the drain snake, flush the drain with hot water to ensure that the clog is completely cleared. For sinks and tubs, run the water for several minutes. For toilets, flush the toilet several times.
Step 6: Reassemble the Drain
Replace the drain stopper or strainer. Test the drain to ensure that it is draining properly. If the drain is still slow or clogged, repeat the process or consider calling a professional plumber.
Dealing with Common Types of Clogs
Different types of clogs require slightly different approaches. Here's how to tackle some common culprits:
- Hair Clogs: Hair is a common cause of clogs in bathroom sinks and showers. Use a drain snake with a corkscrew end to snag and remove the hair. Consider using a drain screen to prevent hair from entering the drainpipe in the future.
- Grease Clogs: Grease can solidify in drainpipes, causing stubborn clogs. Try flushing the drain with hot water after snaking to help dissolve any remaining grease. Avoid pouring grease down the drain in the first place.
- Food Clogs: Food scraps can accumulate in kitchen sink drains, leading to clogs. Use a drain snake with a larger auger to break up the food particles. Install a garbage disposal or drain strainer to prevent food from entering the drainpipe.
- Toilet Paper Clogs: Excessive toilet paper can clog toilets. A toilet auger is specifically designed to break up toilet paper clogs without damaging the toilet bowl. Consider using a lower-ply toilet paper to reduce the risk of clogs.
Actionable Advice: Consider using enzyme-based drain cleaners regularly to prevent clogs from forming. These cleaners use natural enzymes to break down organic matter, such as hair and grease, without harming your pipes. [Source: EPA, Safer Choice Program]
Preventing Future Clogs
Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some tips to help prevent future drain clogs:
- Use Drain Screens: Install drain screens in sinks, tubs, and showers to catch hair and debris before they enter the drainpipe.
- Avoid Pouring Grease Down the Drain: Dispose of grease in a sealed container instead of pouring it down the drain.
- Flush Drains Regularly: Flush drains with hot water periodically to help prevent buildup.
- Use Enzyme-Based Drain Cleaners: Use enzyme-based drain cleaners regularly to break down organic matter and prevent clogs from forming.
- Be Mindful of What You Flush: Avoid flushing excessive toilet paper, feminine hygiene products, or other non-flushable items down the toilet.
When to Call a Professional Plumber
While drain snakes are effective for clearing many clogs, there are times when it's best to call a professional plumber:
- Persistent Clogs: If you've tried snaking the drain multiple times and the clog persists, it may be a more serious issue that requires professional attention.
- Recurring Clogs: If you experience frequent clogs in the same drain, there may be an underlying problem, such as a collapsed pipe or root intrusion, that needs to be addressed.
- Sewage Backup: If you experience a sewage backup in your home, it's important to call a plumber immediately. Sewage backups can pose a health hazard and should be handled by a professional.
- You're Not Comfortable: If you're not comfortable using a drain snake or if you're unsure about the cause of the clog, it's always best to err on the side of caution and call a professional plumber.
Plumbers have specialized tools and expertise to diagnose and resolve complex plumbing issues. They can also identify and address underlying problems that may be causing recurring clogs.
Conclusion: Take Control of Your Drains
Using a drain snake is a simple and effective way to clear many common drain clogs. By understanding the different types of drain snakes, taking proper safety precautions, and following the steps outlined in this guide, you can save time and money by tackling clogs yourself. Remember to prevent future clogs by using drain screens, avoiding pouring grease down the drain, and being mindful of what you flush. However, don't hesitate to call a professional plumber when you encounter persistent or recurring clogs, sewage backups, or if you're simply not comfortable handling the situation yourself. Now that you're armed with the knowledge and tools, go forth and conquer those clogged drains!
Next Steps: Purchase a drain snake appropriate for your needs. Identify any drains that are draining slowly and try the steps outlined above. If you are not successful, research local plumbers for assistance.