Keeping chickens is a rewarding experience, providing fresh eggs and natural pest control for your backyard. A crucial part of responsible chicken ownership is ensuring they have a safe and secure environment. While a chicken coop provides shelter and nesting space, a chicken run allows them to roam, forage, and express natural behaviors. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to building a durable and predator-proof chicken run that will keep your flock happy and healthy.
Planning Your Chicken Run
Before you start construction, careful planning is essential. Consider these factors:
Size Matters: Space Requirements
The size of your chicken run depends on the number of chickens you plan to keep. A general rule of thumb is to provide at least 8-10 square feet of run space per chicken. For example, if you have six chickens, you'll need a run that's at least 48-60 square feet. Overcrowding can lead to stress, feather picking, and disease outbreaks. Refer to the University of Minnesota Extension's guide on backyard chickens for more detailed information on space requirements.
Consider these size guidelines for your chicken run:
- Minimum: 8 sq ft per chicken
- Ideal: 10 sq ft per chicken
- For larger breeds: 12+ sq ft per chicken
Location, Location, Location: Site Selection
Choose a location for your run that is:
- Well-drained: Avoid areas prone to flooding or standing water.
- Partially shaded: Chickens need protection from the sun, especially during hot weather. Natural shade from trees is ideal, or you can create shade with tarps or shade cloth.
- Close to the coop: This makes it easy for chickens to access their coop for roosting and laying eggs.
- Protected from wind: A sheltered location will help keep your chickens warm in the winter.
- Secure: Away from potential hazards like roads or busy areas.
Design Considerations: Shape and Features
The shape of your chicken run is largely a matter of personal preference and available space. Common shapes include rectangles, squares, and L-shapes. Consider incorporating these features into your design:
- Secure perimeter: A fully enclosed run is the best way to protect your chickens from predators.
- Roof: A roof provides additional protection from predators, weather, and flying debris. Netting, solid roofing, or a combination of both can be used.
- Dust bathing area: Chickens need a place to dust bathe to keep their feathers clean and healthy. Provide a designated area with sand or dirt.
- Perches: Chickens enjoy roosting during the day, so include some perches in your run.
- Easy access: Include a gate or door for easy access for cleaning and maintenance.
Materials and Tools
Gathering the right materials and tools before you begin will make the construction process smoother and more efficient.
Essential Materials
- Lumber: Pressure-treated lumber is recommended for the frame of the run, as it will be in contact with the ground. Consider 4x4 posts for the corners and 2x4s for the framing.
- Hardware cloth: This is a strong, galvanized mesh with small openings (typically 1/2 inch) that will keep out even small predators. Avoid chicken wire, as it is not strong enough to deter determined predators.
- Roofing material: Options include corrugated metal, polycarbonate panels, or heavy-duty netting.
- Fasteners: Use exterior-grade screws, nails, and staples to secure the frame and hardware cloth.
- Gate hardware: Hinges, latches, and other hardware for the gate.
- Concrete mix (optional): For setting posts in concrete for added stability.
Tools of the Trade
- Measuring tape: For accurate measurements.
- Saw: For cutting lumber to size. A circular saw or miter saw is recommended.
- Drill/driver: For screwing and drilling.
- Staple gun: For attaching hardware cloth to the frame.
- Wire cutters: For cutting hardware cloth.
- Level: To ensure the frame is level.
- Post hole digger (optional): For digging holes for the posts.
- Shovel: For digging and mixing concrete (if using).
- Safety glasses: To protect your eyes.
- Gloves: To protect your hands.
Construction: Step-by-Step Guide
Follow these steps to build a sturdy and secure chicken run:
Step 1: Frame Construction
- Mark the perimeter: Use stakes and string to mark the outline of your run.
- Dig post holes (optional): If you're setting the posts in concrete, dig holes at each corner and every 6-8 feet along the perimeter. The holes should be deep enough to bury the posts at least 2 feet deep.
- Set the posts: Place the posts in the holes and fill with concrete, ensuring the posts are plumb (vertical). Alternatively, you can drive the posts directly into the ground if the soil is firm enough.
- Build the frame: Attach the 2x4s to the posts to create the frame of the run. Use screws for a strong and durable connection.
- Add a top frame: This will provide additional support and a place to attach the roofing material.
Step 2: Securing the Perimeter
- Attach hardware cloth: Starting at the bottom of the frame, unroll the hardware cloth and attach it to the frame using a staple gun. Overlap the edges of the hardware cloth by at least 1-2 inches.
- Bury the hardware cloth: To prevent predators from digging under the run, bury the hardware cloth at least 12 inches deep around the perimeter. You can also add an apron of hardware cloth extending outwards from the base of the run.
- Secure the top: Attach hardware cloth to the top frame to enclose the run completely.
Step 3: Building the Gate
- Build the gate frame: Construct a simple frame for the gate using 2x4s.
- Attach hardware cloth to the gate: Secure hardware cloth to the gate frame using a staple gun.
- Install the gate: Attach the gate to the run frame using hinges and install a latch to secure the gate.
Step 4: Adding the Roof
- Install roofing supports: If you're using a solid roofing material, add additional supports to the top frame to support the weight of the roofing.
- Attach the roofing material: Secure the roofing material to the frame using screws or nails. Overlap the edges of the roofing material to prevent leaks. If using netting, simply stretch it over the frame and secure it with staples or zip ties.
Predator-Proofing Strategies
Protecting your chickens from predators is a top priority. Implement these strategies to create a secure environment:
Hardware Cloth is Key
As mentioned earlier, hardware cloth is essential for keeping out predators. Chicken wire is not strong enough to deter determined animals. Use hardware cloth with a mesh size of 1/2 inch or smaller to prevent even small predators from entering the run.
Burying and Aprons
Many predators, such as foxes and dogs, will try to dig under the run to gain access to the chickens. Burying the hardware cloth at least 12 inches deep will deter most digging attempts. An apron of hardware cloth extending outwards from the base of the run provides an extra layer of protection.
Roofing for Security
A roof is not only useful for weather protection but also for predator prevention. It prevents predators from jumping into the run from above. Consider a solid roof for maximum protection or use heavy-duty netting to keep out birds of prey.
Regular Inspections
Regularly inspect the run for any signs of damage or weakness. Check the hardware cloth for holes or tears, and make sure the gate is secure. Repair any damage immediately to prevent predators from gaining access.
Motion-Activated Lights and Alarms
Motion-activated lights can deter nocturnal predators, such as raccoons and opossums. Alarms can also be used to alert you to any activity around the run.
For more information on predator control, consult resources from your local agricultural extension office. They can provide specific advice based on the predators common in your area.
Maintaining Your Chicken Run
Regular maintenance will keep your chicken run in good condition and ensure the health and safety of your flock.
Cleaning and Sanitation
- Regularly remove manure: Manure buildup can create a breeding ground for bacteria and attract flies. Remove manure regularly and compost it or use it as fertilizer.
- Clean water and food containers: Keep water and food containers clean to prevent the spread of disease.
- Replace bedding: If you use bedding in the run, replace it regularly to keep it clean and dry.
Repairs and Upkeep
- Inspect for damage: Regularly inspect the run for any signs of damage, such as holes in the hardware cloth or loose boards.
- Repair immediately: Repair any damage immediately to prevent predators from gaining access.
- Maintain the roof: Keep the roof in good condition to protect your chickens from the weather.
Rotating the Run
If possible, consider rotating the run to allow the soil to recover. This can help prevent the buildup of parasites and diseases. You can also add fresh soil or sand to the run to improve drainage and sanitation.
Conclusion
Building a chicken run is a worthwhile investment that will provide your chickens with a safe and secure outdoor environment. By following this guide, you can create a durable and predator-proof run that will keep your flock happy and healthy for years to come. Remember to plan carefully, use quality materials, and prioritize predator protection. Now that you have your chicken run, observe your chickens closely and make adjustments as needed to ensure their well-being.
Next Steps:
- Start gathering your materials and tools.
- Finalize your design based on your specific needs and space.
- Contact your local extension office for advice on predator control and chicken care.