Build a Ground Deck: Easy Guide

Building a ground-level deck can transform your outdoor space into a relaxing oasis. A ground deck, also known as a floating deck, sits close to the ground, making it an accessible and aesthetically pleasing addition to any home. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to constructing a simple yet durable ground deck, perfect for DIY enthusiasts. Whether you’re looking to add an outdoor dining area or a cozy lounge spot, this project is an excellent way to enhance your backyard.

Planning and Preparation

Before you start building, careful planning is essential. This stage involves assessing your site, obtaining necessary permits, and designing your deck. Let's break it down:

Site Assessment and Planning

First, evaluate the area where you plan to build your deck. Consider the following factors:

• Soil Condition: Check the soil's stability and drainage. Poor drainage can lead to moisture buildup and rot, affecting the deck's longevity.
• Sun Exposure: Note the amount of sunlight the area receives. This will influence your choice of decking material and any shading structures you might want to add.
• Accessibility: Ensure the location is easily accessible from your house and yard.
• Utilities: Check for underground utilities like gas lines or electrical cables. Contact your local utility company to mark these before you dig.

Measure the area and sketch a rough plan of your deck, including dimensions. This will help you estimate the materials needed and visualize the final product. According to the International Residential Code (IRC), decks that are not attached to a house and are less than 30 inches above grade typically do not require railings [1]. However, always check local building codes and regulations.

Permits and Regulations

Building codes vary by location, so it’s crucial to check with your local building department. Some municipalities require permits for any structure exceeding a certain size or height. Even if a permit isn’t required, adhering to local zoning regulations and setback requirements is important. Failure to comply can result in fines or having to dismantle your deck.

Contact your local building department to inquire about:

• Permit requirements for ground-level decks
• Setback requirements from property lines
• Specific construction standards or material requirements

Deck Design and Material Selection

The design and materials you choose will significantly impact the cost, appearance, and longevity of your deck.

Design Considerations:

• Size and Shape: Consider the size of your yard and how you intend to use the deck. A simple rectangular or square design is easiest for beginners.
• Layout: Plan the layout of your decking boards. Common options include running boards parallel or perpendicular to the house.
• Features: Think about adding features like built-in seating or planters.

Material Options:

• Pressure-Treated Lumber: This is a popular choice for framing and decking due to its resistance to rot and insects. Ensure the lumber is rated for ground contact.
• Composite Decking: Made from a blend of wood fibers and plastic, composite decking is low-maintenance and resists weathering, rot, and insects. While it's more expensive than pressure-treated lumber, it offers long-term value [2].
• Cedar or Redwood: These naturally decay-resistant woods offer a beautiful appearance but require more maintenance than composite decking.

For a simple ground deck, pressure-treated lumber is often the most economical and practical choice.

Materials and Tools

Having the right materials and tools on hand will make the construction process smoother and more efficient. Here’s a comprehensive list:

Materials List

• Pressure-Treated Lumber: For the frame, joists, and decking. Use lumber rated for ground contact (e.g., ACQ-treated).
  • 4x4 posts (for corners and support)
  • 2x6 or 2x8 joists (depending on the span)
  • 5/4x6 decking boards
• Gravel: For the base layer to improve drainage.
• Weed Barrier Fabric: To prevent weed growth under the deck.
• Construction Screws: Exterior-grade screws for framing and decking.
• Ledger Board (if attaching to the house): Pressure-treated lumber.
• Flashing (if attaching to the house): To prevent water damage.
• Concrete Blocks or Pavers: To support the frame.
• Shims: For leveling.

Tools List

• Measuring Tape: For accurate measurements.
• Circular Saw: For cutting lumber.
• Drill/Driver: For screwing in fasteners.
• Level: To ensure the deck is level.
• Shovel: For digging and spreading gravel.
• Tamper: For compacting the gravel base.
• Hammer: For driving in stakes and shims.
• Safety Glasses: To protect your eyes.
• Work Gloves: To protect your hands.
• Carpenter's Square: To ensure corners are square.
• String Line and Stakes: For marking the perimeter.

Building the Deck Frame

The frame is the foundation of your deck, so it’s essential to build it strong and level. Here’s how:

Preparing the Site

1. Mark the Perimeter: Use string lines and stakes to mark the exact outline of your deck.
2. Excavate: Remove any grass or topsoil within the marked area. Dig down about 6 inches to create space for the gravel base.
3. Lay Weed Barrier Fabric: Cover the excavated area with weed barrier fabric to prevent weed growth. Overlap the edges of the fabric.
4. Add Gravel Base: Pour gravel into the excavated area, spreading it evenly to a depth of about 4 inches.
5. Compact the Gravel: Use a tamper to compact the gravel base. This will create a stable and well-drained foundation.

Constructing the Frame

1. Position Concrete Blocks: Place concrete blocks or pavers around the perimeter and at intervals within the grid to support the frame. Space them according to your design, typically every 4-6 feet.
2. Build the Perimeter Frame: Cut the 4x4 posts and 2x6 or 2x8 lumber to the required lengths. Assemble the perimeter frame by attaching the lumber to the posts using exterior-grade screws. Ensure the frame is square by measuring the diagonals; they should be equal.
3. Install Joists: Cut the joists to the correct length and install them between the perimeter frame members. Space the joists according to your decking material and local building codes (typically 12-16 inches on center). Attach the joists using joist hangers and exterior-grade screws.
4. Level the Frame: Use shims to level the frame on the concrete blocks. Check the level in multiple directions and adjust the shims as needed.

Attaching to the House (Optional)

If you’re attaching the deck to your house, follow these steps:

1. Attach Ledger Board: Attach a pressure-treated ledger board to the house using lag screws. Ensure the ledger board is level and properly aligned with the deck frame.
2. Install Flashing: Install flashing above the ledger board to prevent water from seeping behind it.
3. Connect Frame: Connect the deck frame to the ledger board using appropriate hardware, such as joist hangers.

Installing the Decking

Once the frame is complete, it’s time to install the decking boards. This is where your deck starts to take shape.

1. Acclimatize the Decking: Allow the decking boards to acclimatize to the outdoor environment for a few days before installation. This will help prevent warping or cupping.
2. Lay the First Board: Start by laying the first decking board along one edge of the frame. Use spacers to maintain consistent gaps between the boards (typically 1/8 to 1/4 inch).
3. Secure the Boards: Attach the decking boards to the joists using exterior-grade screws. Use two screws per joist to ensure a secure connection.
4. Continue Laying Boards: Continue laying the decking boards, maintaining consistent gaps between them. Use a chalk line to ensure the boards are straight.
5. Cut Overhanging Boards: Once all the boards are installed, use a circular saw to cut any overhanging ends flush with the frame.

Pro Tip: Consider using hidden fasteners for a cleaner, more professional look. These fasteners attach to the sides of the decking boards, leaving the surface free of screw holes.

Finishing Touches and Maintenance

With the decking installed, it’s time to add the finishing touches and establish a maintenance routine to keep your deck looking its best.

Adding Finishing Touches

• Sand Rough Edges: Use sandpaper to smooth any rough edges or splinters on the decking boards.
• Apply Sealant or Stain: Apply a sealant or stain to protect the wood from weathering and UV damage. Choose a product that is specifically designed for exterior use and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Install Railings or Steps (if needed): If your deck is more than 30 inches above ground, install railings for safety. If you have a significant height difference, add steps for easy access.
• Add Landscaping: Enhance the look of your deck with landscaping. Consider adding potted plants, shrubs, or decorative stones around the perimeter.

Maintenance Tips

Regular maintenance will help extend the life of your deck and keep it looking its best.

• Clean Regularly: Sweep or blow off debris regularly to prevent buildup. Wash the deck with a mild soap and water solution at least once a year.
• Inspect for Damage: Inspect the deck for signs of rot, insect damage, or loose fasteners. Address any issues promptly to prevent further damage.
• Re-seal or Re-stain: Re-apply sealant or stain every 1-3 years, depending on the product and exposure to the elements.
• Clear Debris: Keep the area under the deck clear of debris to promote airflow and prevent moisture buildup.

By following these maintenance tips, you can ensure that your ground deck remains a beautiful and functional part of your outdoor space for years to come.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with careful planning and execution, you may encounter some common issues during the deck-building process. Here are a few tips to troubleshoot them:

• Warped or Cupped Decking Boards: Warping or cupping can occur if the decking boards are not properly acclimatized or if they are exposed to excessive moisture. To fix this, try flipping the board over or using a heat gun to gently straighten it. Replace severely warped boards.
• Uneven Deck Surface: An uneven deck surface can be caused by an unlevel frame or inconsistent joist spacing. Use shims to level the frame and ensure the joists are evenly spaced.
• Loose Fasteners: Loose fasteners can cause the decking boards to become unstable. Tighten any loose screws or replace them with longer screws.
• Water Pooling: Water pooling on the deck surface can indicate poor drainage. Ensure the gravel base is properly compacted and that there is adequate space between the deck and the ground for airflow.

By addressing these common issues promptly, you can ensure that your ground deck remains safe, stable, and visually appealing.

Conclusion

Building a ground-level deck is a rewarding DIY project that can significantly enhance your outdoor living space. By following this comprehensive guide, you can create a beautiful and functional deck that you and your family will enjoy for years to come. Remember to plan carefully, obtain necessary permits, choose quality materials, and follow safety precautions. With a little effort and attention to detail, you can build a stunning ground deck that adds value and enjoyment to your home.

Next Steps:

• Review local building codes and obtain any necessary permits.
• Finalize your deck design and create a detailed materials list.
• Gather all the necessary tools and materials.
• Start building your deck, following the step-by-step instructions in this guide.
• Enjoy your new outdoor space!

Happy building!

References:

1. American Wood Council. (2018). Prescriptive Residential Wood Deck Construction Guide (DCA 6). https://www.awc.org/codes-standards/publications/dca6
2. Bob Vila. (n.d.). Composite vs. Wood Decking: Which Is Right for You? https://www.bobvila.com/articles/composite-vs-wood-decking/