Best Weed Killer for Bermuda Lawns

Bermuda grass lawns are prized for their resilience, dense growth, and ability to withstand heat and traffic. However, even the hardiest Bermuda lawn isn't immune to the relentless invasion of weeds. Controlling weeds in Bermuda grass requires a strategic approach, as some herbicides can harm the grass itself. This guide provides a comprehensive look at the best weed killers for Bermuda lawns, ensuring you can maintain a healthy, vibrant, and weed-free turf.

Understanding Bermuda Grass and Weed Control Challenges

Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) is a warm-season grass known for its aggressive growth habit and tolerance to various conditions. Its rapid spread, however, can be both a blessing and a curse. While it quickly fills in bare spots, it also means it can be susceptible to weed infestations if not properly maintained. Several factors contribute to weed problems in Bermuda lawns:

• Open areas: Bare patches or thin areas in the lawn provide opportunities for weeds to establish.
• Poor soil health: Nutrient deficiencies or compacted soil can weaken Bermuda grass, making it less competitive against weeds.
• Improper mowing: Cutting the grass too short can stress the lawn and allow sunlight to reach weed seeds, promoting germination.
• Inadequate watering: Over or under-watering can weaken the grass and create favorable conditions for certain weeds.

Effective weed control in Bermuda grass requires identifying the types of weeds present and selecting the appropriate herbicide. It's also crucial to understand the difference between pre-emergent and post-emergent herbicides.

Pre-Emergent vs. Post-Emergent Herbicides

• Pre-emergent herbicides: These are applied before weed seeds germinate. They create a barrier in the soil that prevents weed seedlings from emerging. Pre-emergents are most effective when applied in early spring and fall, coinciding with the germination periods of many common weeds.
• Post-emergent herbicides: These are applied after weeds have already emerged from the soil. They work by being absorbed through the leaves or roots of the weeds, killing them systemically. Post-emergents are best used when weeds are actively growing.

Best Pre-Emergent Herbicides for Bermuda Grass

Pre-emergent herbicides are a cornerstone of weed control, preventing weed infestations before they start. When choosing a pre-emergent for Bermuda grass, it's essential to select one that won't harm the grass itself. Here are some of the best options:

• Prodiamine: Prodiamine is a popular pre-emergent herbicide that provides excellent control of many annual grasses and broadleaf weeds. It's known for its long-lasting residual activity. Examples include Barricade. [1]
• Dithiopyr: Dithiopyr is another effective pre-emergent that also has some post-emergent activity on young weeds. It's particularly useful for controlling crabgrass. A common brand is Dimension. [2]
• Pendimethalin: Pendimethalin is a widely used pre-emergent that controls a broad spectrum of weeds. It's often found in combination products with other herbicides. Brands include Prowl H2O. [3]

Application Tips for Pre-Emergent Herbicides:

• Timing is crucial: Apply pre-emergent herbicides before weed seeds germinate. This is typically in early spring (before crabgrass emerges) and again in the fall (for winter annuals).
• Watering in: After applying a pre-emergent, water the lawn thoroughly to activate the herbicide and move it into the soil.
• Calibration: Use a calibrated spreader to ensure even application of the herbicide. Overlapping applications can damage the lawn, while insufficient application may not provide adequate weed control.

Top Post-Emergent Herbicides Safe for Bermuda Grass

Post-emergent herbicides are essential for controlling weeds that have already emerged in your Bermuda lawn. Selecting the right post-emergent herbicide depends on the types of weeds present and the sensitivity of Bermuda grass. Always read and follow label directions carefully to avoid damaging your lawn.

• MSMA (Monosodium Methanearsonate): MSMA is a selective herbicide effective against grassy weeds like crabgrass, dallisgrass, and goosegrass in Bermuda grass. It's important to note that MSMA can temporarily discolor Bermuda grass, and its use is restricted in some areas due to environmental concerns. Always check local regulations before using MSMA. [4]
• Sulfosulfuron: Sulfosulfuron is a selective herbicide that controls a wide range of broadleaf and grassy weeds in Bermuda grass. It's particularly effective against sedges and kyllinga. It is sold under the brand name Certainty. [5]
• 2,4-D: 2,4-D is a selective herbicide primarily used for broadleaf weed control. While Bermuda grass has some tolerance to 2,4-D, it's crucial to use a formulation specifically labeled for use on Bermuda lawns and to apply it at the recommended rate to avoid damage. Many products combine 2,4-D with other herbicides like dicamba and MCPA for broader spectrum weed control.
• Glyphosate (Careful Spot Treatment): Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide that kills almost any plant it contacts. It should only be used for spot treatments of individual weeds, carefully avoiding contact with Bermuda grass. A paintbrush or small sprayer can be used to apply glyphosate directly to the weeds. Products containing glyphosate include Roundup.

Application Tips for Post-Emergent Herbicides:

• Identify the weeds: Correctly identifying the weeds is crucial for selecting the appropriate herbicide.
• Follow label directions: Always read and follow the label directions carefully, paying attention to application rates, timing, and safety precautions.
• Spot treatment: For scattered weeds, spot treatment is often the best approach to minimize the risk of damage to the Bermuda grass.
• Weather conditions: Avoid applying post-emergent herbicides on windy days or when rain is expected, as this can lead to drift and off-target damage.
• Temperature: High temperatures can increase the risk of herbicide injury to Bermuda grass. Apply herbicides during cooler parts of the day.

Natural and Organic Weed Control Methods

While herbicides can be effective, many homeowners prefer natural and organic weed control methods. These methods may require more time and effort but can be a safer alternative to chemical herbicides.

• Hand-pulling: Manually removing weeds is a simple and effective method, especially for small infestations. Be sure to remove the entire root system to prevent regrowth.
• Mulching: Applying a layer of organic mulch, such as wood chips or straw, can suppress weed germination by blocking sunlight.
• Corn gluten meal: Corn gluten meal is a natural pre-emergent herbicide that prevents weed seeds from germinating. It's a good option for homeowners who want to avoid synthetic herbicides.
• Vinegar: Horticultural vinegar (acetic acid) can be used as a post-emergent herbicide to kill weeds. However, it's non-selective and can also harm Bermuda grass, so use it carefully for spot treatments.
• Solarization: Covering the soil with clear plastic during the hottest part of the summer can kill weeds and weed seeds through solar heating.

Maintaining a Healthy Bermuda Lawn to Prevent Weeds

A healthy, dense Bermuda lawn is the best defense against weeds. By following proper lawn care practices, you can create an environment that favors Bermuda grass and discourages weed growth.

• Proper mowing: Mow Bermuda grass at the correct height (typically 1-2 inches) to promote dense growth and prevent sunlight from reaching weed seeds.
• Fertilization: Fertilize Bermuda grass regularly with a balanced fertilizer to provide the nutrients it needs to thrive. Soil testing can help determine the specific nutrient needs of your lawn.
• Watering: Water deeply and infrequently to encourage deep root growth. Avoid overwatering, which can create favorable conditions for weeds and diseases.
• Aeration: Aerate the lawn annually to relieve soil compaction and improve air and water penetration.
• Overseeding: Overseeding bare or thin areas with Bermuda grass seed can help fill in gaps and prevent weed infestations.

Safety Precautions When Using Herbicides

When using herbicides, it's essential to take safety precautions to protect yourself, your family, and the environment.

• Read the label: Always read and follow the label directions carefully.
• Wear protective gear: Wear gloves, long sleeves, long pants, and eye protection when applying herbicides.
• Avoid drift: Apply herbicides on calm days to prevent drift to non-target areas.
• Keep children and pets away: Keep children and pets off the treated area until the herbicide has dried.
• Store herbicides safely: Store herbicides in a secure location out of reach of children and pets.
• Dispose of empty containers properly: Dispose of empty herbicide containers according to local regulations.

Conclusion

Maintaining a weed-free Bermuda lawn requires a combination of proactive prevention and targeted control measures. By understanding the characteristics of Bermuda grass, identifying common weeds, and selecting the appropriate herbicides, you can achieve a healthy, vibrant, and weed-free turf. Remember to prioritize prevention through proper lawn care practices, and always follow label directions when using herbicides. Taking these steps will help you create a beautiful Bermuda lawn that you can enjoy for years to come.

Next Steps:

1. Identify the specific weeds plaguing your lawn.
2. Conduct a soil test to determine any nutrient deficiencies.
3. Choose a pre-emergent herbicide and apply it in early spring and fall.
4. Spot-treat any emerged weeds with a selective post-emergent herbicide.
5. Adjust your mowing, watering, and fertilization practices to promote a healthy, dense Bermuda lawn.

By following these guidelines, you can effectively manage weeds in your Bermuda lawn and create a beautiful outdoor space for your family and friends to enjoy.

References

1. Purdue University Turf Program, Prodiamine, https://turf.purdue.edu/prodiamine-wssa/
2. Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Dithiopyr, https://www.extension.iastate.edu/alternativeag/files/page/files/dithiopyr.pdf
3. Purdue University Agronomy Extension, Pendimethalin, https://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/forages/weeds/pendimethalin.htm
4. Mississippi State University Extension, Weed Control Guidelines for Mississippi, https://extension.msstate.edu/sites/default/files/publications/publications/p2439.pdf
5. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Sulfosulfuron, https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/AG392